Tarrant County Physician Online

Tarrant County Public Health: Health Advisory Alert

An original message by Tarrant County Public Health announced on June 9, 2023.

Tarrant County Public Health (TCPH) is issuing this Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory to notify clinicians about a confirmed measles case in a Hood County resident in a Tarrant County Hospital. TCPH has worked closely with the facility to identify exposure to some patients and staff that occurred before measles was suspected. All exposed people have been contacted and advised to watch for signs and symptoms through June 22nd. TCPH collaborated with the facility and Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), to investigate and respond to this measles case and exposures.

Below is a forwarded HAN from DSHS with background information about the current measles case, information on measles and the importance of early recognition, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. TCPH recommends that clinicians be on the alert for cases of measles that meet the case definition.

Due to the highly contagious nature of this disease, additional cases may occur. We advise clinicians to follow the recommendations below and report any suspected cases immediately to Tarrant County Public Health’s 24-hour reporting line at (817)321-5350, preferably while the patient is present.

Background

A young child who is a resident of Hood County was recently diagnosed with measles. The child had no history of travel to an area where measles is spreading and no known exposure to a person with measles. The child has been treated and is recovering.

This is the first confirmed case of measles in Texas since travel-related outbreaks in 2019, which led to 23 cases. Completion of the two-dose series of the measles vaccine is highly effective at preventing measles, however even vaccinated people may occasionally become infected.

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory illness. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Measles virus can remain infectious in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area. The illness usually starts a week or two after someone is exposed with symptoms like a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes. A few days later, the telltale rash breaks out as flat, red spots on the face and then spreads down the neck and trunk to the rest of the body. A person is contagious about four days before the rash appears to four days after. People with measles should stay home from work or school during that period.

The best way to prevent getting sick is to be immunized with two doses of the measles- containing vaccine, which is primarily administered as the combination of measles-mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine. DSHS and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend children receive one dose at 12 to 15 months of age and another at 4 to 6 years. Children too young to be vaccinated or who have only had one dose of vaccine are more likely to get infected and more likely to have severe complications if they do get sick.

Recommendations For Health Care Professionals:

Healthcare providers should consider measles in patients presenting with the following symptoms, particularly those who have traveled abroad or had contact with known measles cases:

• Fever ≥101°F (38.3°C) AND
• Generalized maculopapular rash lasting ≥3 days AND Rash begins at the hairline/scalp and progresses down the body
• Cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis OR Koplik spots (bluish-white specks or a red-rose background appearing on the buccal and labial mucosa usually opposite the molars)

Immediately report any suspected cases of measles to Tarrant County Public Health at our 24 hour hotline (817)321-5350) (dshs.texas.gov/idcu/investigation/conditions/contacts). If possible, please report while the patient is present to facilitate testing and the public health investigation, including follow-up of potential exposures.

Infection Control Precautions

Airborne precautious should be followed to reduce possible exposures in healthcare settings.
In urgent/emergency healthcare settings, suspected cases should be masked with a surgical mask and triaged quickly from waiting areas into a room with a closed door, airborne isolation precautions recommended. In other outpatient settings, suspected cases should be scheduled at the end of the day, if possible. Healthcare workers caring for patients suspected of having measles should use airborne infection control precautions. (www.cdc.gov/hicpac/2007IP/2007isolationPrecautions.html)
Since measles is so highly transmissible and can spread in health care settings, people who work in places like a doctor’s office or emergency room should have evidence of measles immunity to prevent any potential outbreak. (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/chpt07- measles.html#f21).

Diagnostic Testing

Testing for measles should be done for all suspected cases of measles at the time of the initial medical visit:
Measles PCR and serology (IgM and IgG) testing is available at both the Texas DSHS Laboratory in Austin and at commercial laboratories.
The Texas DSHS Laboratory can perform PCR testing on throat swabs (preferred) or nasopharyngeal swabs placed in viral transport media and serology on serum specimens.
DSHS strongly encourages providers to submit PCR specimens to the DSHS Laboratory because genotyping will be performed on positive PCR specimens, which can be helpful during outbreaks.
Providers should work with their local health department or DSHS regional office to coordinate testing at the DSHS laboratory to ensure specimens are submitted correctly and meet testing requirements.
Unless coordinated in advance, specimens may only be received during normal business hours Monday through Friday.

Recommendations for Public Health:

Control and Prevention Measures

Measles vaccination may prevent disease in exposed people if given within 72 hours of exposure. People 6 months and older who have not been fully vaccinated would be eligible for vaccination under those circumstances. It may provide some long-term protection but should be followed with a second vaccination at least one month later. Immune globulin (IG) may be indicated for some people but should not be used to control an outbreak.
Pregnant women, people with severe immunosuppression, and anyone with a previous anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine component should not get a measles vaccine.

Controlling Outbreaks in Group Settings

People with confirmed or suspected measles should stay home from school, work, and other group settings until after the fourth day of rash onset.
During an outbreak, people without documented immunity from vaccination or previous measles infection should be isolated from anyone with measles to protect those without immunity and control the outbreak. Additional information on school exclusion and readmission can be found at dshs.texas.gov/idps- home/school-communicable-disease-chart

Recommendations for the Public

If you think you have measles or have been exposed to someone with measles, isolate yourself from others and call your healthcare provider before arriving to be tested so they can prepare for your arrival without exposing other people to the virus. Measles is extremely contagious and can cause life-threatening illness to anyone who is not protected against the virus.

For More Information:

TCMS Gold-Headed Cane Nominations Open for 2023

Physicians, nominations are now open for the 2023 Gold-Headed Cane Award, which is given annually to an outstanding TCMS member who has made a significant impact on our medical community.

To be eligible for the award, a nominee must be a current member of TCMS and have been a TCMS member for at least 15 years.

All current TCMS members have the opportunity to nominate one candidate for this award. You can make your nomination or learn more here.

All nominations must be received by July 31, 2023.

Download PDF

Scope, Insurance, Vaccine Battles Ramp Up in Session’s Final Weeks as Women’s Health Bills Progress

by Emma Freer

Originally published by Texas Medical Association on May 12, 2023.

With just 17 days until “sine die,” the adjournment of the regular state legislative session, the Texas Medical Association has been mounting a tough defense against problematic bills related to scope-of-practice expansion, insurance practices, and COVID-19 vaccine requirements. There’s good news, too, as several measures to expand access to women’s reproductive health care move through the legislative process, after years of physician advocacy.

Scope creep containment

Preventing scope creep is TMA’s top legislative priority this session. Although the association has successfully beat back several bad bills, one bill still stands out at this late stage for its potential to corrode established patient protections.

Senate Bill 666 would restrict the Texas Medical Board’s (TMB’s) complaint process, weaken its disciplinary authority, and increase its operating costs. The legislation recently passed the Senate, so TMA lobbyists are focused on battling it in the House.

Fortunately, TMA advocacy killed the only scope-related legislation to make it to the House floor: House Bill 2553 would have given patients direct access to a physical therapist without a physician referral for 20 business days, up from 15. This bill failed by a wide margin on May 8 in a huge win for medicine.

Two other concerning scope measures are all but dead:

House Bill 724 and its companion, Senate Bill 161, would prevent TMB from issuing cease-and-desist letters to nonphysicians practitioners who venture into the practice of medicine.
House Bill 1767, would allow podiatrists to access hospital privileges, regardless of medical staff decision-making.

Insurance update

In the insurance category, TMA is battling several pieces of problematic legislation that jeopardize patient safety and physician protections, including:

Senate Bill 490 and its companion, House Bill 1973 would require patients be given an itemized billing statement before any payment is collected. TMA lobbyists fought for amendments removing individual physicians from this bill, which the House passed and with which the Senate must concur before it heads to Gov. Greg Abbott’s desk.
House Bill 2414 would allow health plans to steer patients to physicians or other health professionals of their choosing, regardless of quality. The House Insurance Committee voted in favor of HB 2414, teeing up its May 2 passage out of the House and into the Senate.
House Bill 3351would undo physician protections in health plans’ ranking and tiering programs. Following its May 9 passage in the House, the bill now lies with the Senate.

Public health pushback

TMA continues to oppose two concerning public health bills that would have far-reaching consequences beyond the COVID-19 vaccine mandates they purport to legislate.

Senate Bill 177 and its companion, House Bill 81, would redefine informed consent, putting employers, patients, and physicians at risk. Although TMA lobbyists kept HB 81 from the House floor, they remain concerned about SB 177, which passed the Senate and the House Public Health Committee. It’s now pending a hearing on the House floor.
House Bill 44 would kick physicians out of Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program for having a “discriminatory” vaccination policy, such as requiring patients to be vaccinated against certain diseases. The Senate Health and Human Services Committee heard HB 44 on May 10, following its passage out of the House, but left it pending.

TMA also is pushing legislation related to federal medical privacy rules, including Senate Bill 1467, which would modify sensitive medical test disclosures under the federal rules to protect patients.

Dallas oncologist David Gerber, MD, testified on behalf of TMA in support of SB 1467 before the House Public Health Committee on May 8. He told lawmakers the bill would help prevent potentially traumatic situations, such as when one of his patients learned of a cancer diagnosis from an automatic patient portal notification while reading a bedtime story to a toddler.

“We are not seeking to withhold important information from patients,” Dr. Gerber said. “Rather, we are seeking to deliver the information the best way we can.”

SB 1467, having passed the Senate and the House Public Health Committee, was scheduled for a hearing on the House floor on May 12 as of this writing.

Finally, Senate Bill 415 awaits Governor Abbott’s signature – its last step to becoming law – after passing both chambers. The bill builds on state rules regarding the number of human trafficking-related CME physicians must take.

Women’s Health wins

On the budget front, TMA lobbyists continue to work to preserve health care gains – including critical investments in women’s reproductive and pediatric health care – in the House version as the two chambers reconcile their competing bills.

TMA, along with four state specialty societies and the Texas Public Health Coalition, recently sent a letter to the conference committee members tasked with this reconciliation process, reiterating its budget priorities. They include:

Increasing Medicaid physician payments for women’s reproductive and certain pediatric services;
Tripling rural hospital maternal health add-on payments from $500 to $1,500 to help preserve local access to these services;
Expanding mobile women’s preventive health care clinics in rural and underserved communities; and
Broadening eligibility for the Medicaid Breast and Cervical Cancer Program to 250% of the federal poverty level, up from 200%.

TMA lobbyist Caitlin Flanders says these budget items are especially important in the wake of the June 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization regarding abortion. The decision triggered additional restrictions under state law and is expected to lead to an increase in pregnancies and young children.

In other positive news, the Senate Health and Human Services Committee recently passed House Bill 916, which would require health plans to provide a 12-month supply of a covered prescription contraceptive drug, up from a 90-day supply. HB 916 passed the House in mid-April.

The same Senate committee is expected to hear House Bill 12, which would extend continuous Medicaid coverage for postpartum women for 12 months, although as of this writing, a date hasn’t been set.

Find all the testimonies by TMA physician advocates during the current session in TMA’s Advocacy Center.

Physician Wellness

Tarrant County Physician Wellness Program: Addressing Burnout and Promoting Resiliency

by Casey Green, MD

THE TARRANT COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY IS launching a new wellness initiative available to medical society members and their families. We recognize the challenges associated with an ever-changing landscape in healthcare exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic that contribute to stress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction.

Modeled on the successful program at Travis County Medical Society, the Tarrant County Medical Society Wellness Program seeks to proactively address those among us who may be struggling. We have a mission to enhance the health of physicians, their families, and the communities in which we all live and work.

Physician burnout, the apparent catalyst to this situation, is considered a psychological response that may be experienced by doctors exposed to chronic situational stressors in the healthcare practice environment. It is often characterized by overwhelming exhaustion, feelings of cynicism and detachment from work, and a sense of ineffectiveness and lack of accomplishment.1

Physicians experiencing burnout, according to the medical literature, exhibit a wide array of signs, symptoms, and related conditions, including fatigue, loss of empathy, detachment, depression, and suicidal ideation. Nearly 25 percent of physicians surveyed last year were experiencing clinical depression. There were also significantly increased rates of depression among their family members.2

The most cited reasons for burnout include too many bureaucratic tasks, decreasing autonomy, increased work hours, and recent additional contributing factors related to COVID-19. Of those physicians experiencing burnout, more than half report it is strongly affecting their daily life and more than two thirds acknowledge impairments in relationships.2

Physicians often have to deal with difficult and tragic situations and losses. This continued exposure to human suffering can have a significant impact on mental and emotional wellbeing over time that often goes unrecognized.

Burnout is not always related to stressors arising in a work environment or to an individual’s character traits. Family issues, personal and professional relationships, financial pressures, insufficient work-life balance, or other external stressors may also contribute. Efforts aimed at the identification, treatment, or prevention of burnout must, therefore, approach the issue from a broad enough perspective to take all of these factors into account.

Too many physicians are reluctant to seek help for fear that they will be perceived as weak or unfit to practice medicine by their colleagues or employers, or because they assume that seeking such care may have a detrimental effect on their ability to renew or retain their state medical license.

The TCMS Wellness Program has developed relationships with community therapists who work with physicians or their family members to help them back on the path to wellness. These services will be confidential and paid for by this program for the first four sessions for any members or their families.

The goal of this new initiative is to provide information and resources to support physicians and their families in order to encourage and inspire each other to practice physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social wellness. The program is in its final formation steps, and we hope to meet these needs with workshops, mentorship, education, and other activities to promote healing, growth, and resiliency. We are excited about the future and will share more details as the program grows.

You can find more information about how to access the program at www.tcms.org/TMAiMis/Tarrant/Wellness or call 972-449-0762.

References

1. Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. (1981). The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2(2):99-113. See also, Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. 3rded. and Maslach C, et al. (2001). Job Burnout. Annu Rev Psychol, 52:397–422

2. Kane L. ‘I Cry but No One Cares’: Physician Burnout & Depression Report 2023. Medscape. Published January 27, 2023. Available at: https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2023-lifestyle-burnout-6016058.

TCMS Gold-Headed Cane

Nominations Open for 2023

Gold-Headed Cane recipient, Dr. Gregory Phillips, and Dr. Susan Bailey at the 2022 Event.

Nominations for the 2023 Gold-Headed Cane Award, which is given annually to an outstanding TCMS member who has made a significant impact on our medical community, are now open.

A nominee must have been a TCMS member for at least 15 years and be a current TCMS member in order to be considered for the award. The list of members who are qualified is available here.

All current TCMS members are eligible to nominate one candidate for this award. You can submit a nomination or learn more about it here.

All nominations must be received by May 12, 2023.

Download PDF

Public Health Notes

Health Equity Through a Public Health Lens

by Catherine Colquitt, MD, Tarrant County Public Health Medical Director, and Yvette M. Windgate, ED.D.

This article was originally published in the March/April issue of the Tarrant County Physician.

As we turn the page on 2022 and our “tripledemic” surge recedes, let’s take a moment to reflect on health equity and disparities through the crucible of COVID-19.

Healthy People 2030 defines health disparities as “a particular type of health difference closely linked to social economic, and/or environmental disadvantage.” It further asserts that health disparities “adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, age, mental health, cognitive, sensory, physical disability, sexual orientation or gender identity, geographic location, or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion.”1 Our collective goal is health equity, described by Healthy People 2030 as “the attainment of the highest level of health for all people.” Achieving health equity requires valuing everyone equally, with focused and ongoing societal efforts to address avoidable inequalities, historical and contemporary injustices, and the elimination of health and health care disparities.”1

In the early 2000s, U.S. Surgeons General began to issue reports on disparities in tobacco use and access to mental health care based on racial and ethnic demographics. Since those ground-breaking reports, issues including infant mortality, pregnancy-related seats, chronic disease prevalence, and overall measures of physical and mental health have been examined through the prism of health equity. Part of the impetus of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to provide strategies for securing access to healthcare for traditionally underserved groups. Impactful gains were made in numbers of persons insured and access to higher quality care. However, those gains were somewhat eroded in the former presidential administration by cuts to funding for AVA navigators and outreach efforts, and the authorization of state waivers, which allowed some states to decline Medicaid expansion by instead offering their own wavers.

COVID-19 further impacted healthcare coverage losses through lost jobs and wages, resulting in increasing economic hardships, housing difficulty, and food insecurity, disproportionately affecting Black and Hispanic workers, especially those in essential in-person jobs (i.e., transportation, manufacturing, grocery, pharmacy, retail, warehouse, food processing, and healthcare). Due to healthcare workforce shortages and operational changes (e.g., video clinic visits requiring patients to have internet access), these same groups also experienced challenges to healthcare access.

During COVID-19, certain groups (i.e., Alaskan Native, American Indian, Black, and Hispanic individuals) experienced higher death and illness rates than their White or Asian counterparts, likely due in part to their work in essential jobs, higher prevalence of preexisting comorbidities for poor COVID-19 outcomes, use of public transportation, and crowding at work or home.

Additionally, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation’s survey data (The Undefeated), Black adults are more likely than White adults to report certain negative healthcare experiences, such as a provider not believing them, or refusing a test, treatment, or pain medicine the patient believed he or she needed. the Undefeated survey data revealed that Black and Hispanic individuals were less likely to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 as of April 2021. While vaccination rates against COVID-19 have risen on all ground, the gaps between White, Asian, Black, and Hispanic demographic groups have not narrowed. The effect of the health disparities laid bare by COVID-19 has been profound and predated the pandemic. For example, in 2018, the average life expectancy was four years lower in Black individuals than in White individuals, with the lowest life expectancy in Black men. That unfortunate trend continues today. In Tarrant County, the 76109 zip code in Fort Worth, a majority White neighborhood, holds a life expectancy of 82.4 years. Nearby 76104, host to historically Black neighborhoods, like Morningside, has a life expectancy of 66.7, and it is even lower for Black men at 64 years.

What can we do to address these disparities and improve the health of our county and county? The Biden administration has prioritized initiatives aimed at addressing health disparities at the federal level through several executive orders and proclamations. Locally, Tarrant county Public Health (TCPH) has created a Community Health Equity and Inclusion (CHEI) division to promote health literacy and address health equity issues concerning county residents, with the greater goal of decreasing health disparities and inequities in Tarrant County. The CHEI division educates residents and public health professionals regarding health disparity and inequity issues and engages community partners (i.e., Fatherhood Coalition of Tarrant County, Mental Health Connection of Tarrant County, My Health My Resources of Tarrant County, United Way of Tarrant County, and Brave/R Together) to find solutions that promote diversity and health equity.

TCPH continues to collaborate with community partners on annual events, such as the African American Health Expo, the North Texas Wellness Fair, and the Senior Synergy Expo. We are also participating in community celebrations, school events, and COVID-19 testing and vaccination pop-up clinics. Recently, TCPH and fifty-sic agencies- including hospital systems, institutions of higher education, city and county governmental entities, charitable organizations, and faith-based organizations- have joined forces as the Tarrant County Unity Council. This council’s purposes are:

To identify and address health equity challenges for those disproportionately affected.
To build, leverage, and expand fair resource allocation to safe, affordable, and accessible health, housing, transportation, and communication that advance racial equity and address other inequitable social conditions, with the purpose of reducing or eliminating health disparities and health inequities.

References:

Health Equity in Healthy People 2030, https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/health-equity-healthy-people-2030
L Hamel et al, Kaiser Family Foundation: Key Findings from the KFF/Undefeated Survey on Race and Health 10/2020
Life Expectancy by ZIP code in Texas, https://www.texashealthmaps.com/lfex
Tarrant County Public Health, Family Health Services, Community Health Equity and Inclusion, Community Involvement, https://www.tarrantcounty.com/en/public-health/family-health-services/health-equity–community-outreach/previoud-activities.html?linklocation=Button%20List&linkname=Community%20Involvement
Tarrant County Unity Council, https://www.tarrantcounty.com/en/public-health/family-health-services/health-equity–community-ooutreach/tarrant-county-unity-council.html

STUDENT ARTICLE: ADVOCACY FOR PATIENTS’ MENTAL HEALTH

by AIYANA PONCE, OMS-II

This article was originally published in the March/April issue of the Tarrant County Physician.

HISTORICALLY, STIGMA AGAINST MENTAL HEALTH, ACCESS to care, and discrimination contribute to worsened health outcomes. This is especially true for certain racial or ethnic groups such as those made up of Black and Hispanic individuals, as there are culturally negative views on mental health symptoms and/or treatment, a fear of mistrust of the medical community due to historical discrimination or mistreatments, or lack of access to mental health services.

To help address this, the Lay Mental Health Advocates (LMHA) program was created. This free, virtual training program is designed to teach laypersons the fundamentals needed to advocate for someone who is dealing with mental illness. LMHA focuses on teaching mental health advocacy by understanding how social determinants worse mental health and play key roles in overall health outcomes for marginalized communities. The social determinants of health are defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as “the conditions in the environments where people are born, love, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.”

LMHA began as a volunteer project during my time as a research trainee at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases before beginning medical school. In addition to conducting experiments in a traditional laboratory setting, I was a fellow of the National Institutes of Health Academy. This program allowed me to meet other trainee scientists equally as passionate about patient advocacy. Ultimately, the goal of this program was to implement a volunteer project that addresses health disparities in the local community.

We saw a need for interventional programs to fill the mental health gap that is particularly prevalent among marginalized communities. Our program consists of a weekly online workshop led by psychiatry residents or attendings from Duke University Hospital and local community leaders. they include interactive role-playing advocacy practice, case study reviews, and other informative components. Our eight-week-long program was modeled after the Johns Hopkins Medicine Lay Health Advocate Program and the Mental Health Allyship Program. Through LMHA, advocates can identify several different mental health conditions, gain a greater understanding of the factors that exacerbate health disparities, understand how to provide effective emotional support, and gain confidence in the role they can play in the lives of their community members by BEING mental health advocates.

The pilot program took place during Spring of 2021, and we had 100 participants whose ages ranged from 18-58. We are now on track to our third workshop series, with participants from across the county. In addition to that, we are currently expanding our team, working on our non-profit application, and establishing a volunteer program to work with the Duke Behavioral Health Inpatient Unit.

Watching this program grow beyond anything my team had imagined has been very rewarding. I wanted to share this journey with those of you reading to encourage you to continue advocating for yourself, your patients, and your community. If you ever see a problem that needs to be addressed or a gap that needs to be filled, just go for it- you never know what may come of it.

References:

1. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/stigma-and-discrimination

2.https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020–08964-3#ref-CR28

3 . https://health.choc.org/understanding-the-role-of-cultural-stigma-on-seeking-mental-health-services/

4.https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health

PRESIDENT’S PARAGRAPH

by Stuart Pickell, MD, TCMS President

This article was originally published in the March/April issue of the Tarrant County Physician.

Why Do We Not Have a Pediatric Residency Program in FORT WORTH?

WHEN I MOVED BACK TO FORT WORTH in 2001, I wondered why we had so few graduate medical education (GME) programs. I came to understand, from those who should know, that Fort Worth simply wasn’t an “academic” city. We had one of the finest osteopathic medical schools in the country, several excellent medical centers, and a fine children’s hospital, but relatively few residency positions for a city our size. In 2011, the Texas Legislature, concerned that the physician workforce would not keep pace with Texas’ rising population, established a goal of 1.1 residency training positions for every Texas medical school graduate. Physicians often remain near where they train, so the reasoning was and continues to be sound. Achieving and maintaining this goal helps to build and sustain the physician workforce.

Fortunately, with no help from Tarrant County, Texas achieved its goal in 2017 (see Table 1). However, the impending graduation of student from new medical schools in the next two years will increase the demand for PGY-1 positions. the Burnett TCU School of Medicine will graduate its first class in May. A year later the Sam Houston University College of Osteopathic Medicine and the University of Houston College of Medicine will graduate their first classes. By 2024, to maintain the minimum 1.1 ratio, Texas will need to increase the number of residency positions by 5 percent, and to maintain its current 1.16 ratio, it will need to increase the number of positions by 10.8 percent.

In the last few years, Tarrant County’s medical community began meeting the challenge by starting several new residency programs. This is a welcome, albeit long overdue, development. Baylor Scott and White and Texas Health Resources have led the way to these recent changes by starting programs in internal medicine, ob-gyn, emergency medicine, and general surgery- this in addition to the programs already established at John Peter Smith and Medical City. The elephant in the room is pediatrics.

Why does Fort Worth, the 13th largest city in the country and home to the 13th largest children’s hospital, not have a pediatric physician residency program? I include the word “physician” because Cook children’s does have a pediatric residency program for nurses. In fact, it has one of the only 34 such programs in the country, but it does not have a program to train physicians- and its the only children’s hospital that has a program for nurses and not physicians. But as the population grows, won’t we need more pediatricians? Regional growth trends suggest we will. For instance, in just the last five years:

• The U.S. population increased by 2.7 percent

• The Texas population increased by 5.8 percent

• The Fort Worth population increased by 9.3 percent

• Fort Worth went from being the 16th to the 13th largest city in the country

• The number of PGY-1 pediatric residency positions in Texas increased from 211 to 213, or 0.95 percent

Looking at the 30 largest cities in the United States, Fort Worth is the only one that doesn’t have a pediatric residency program. Jacksonville, FL, which ranks just ahead of Fort Worth in population, for now, has a pediatric residency program, and it doesn’t even have a medical school. Fort Worth has two medical schools.

Within Texas you will find residency programs in the larger cities – Houston, San Antonio, Dallas, and Austin – but you will also find them in El Paso, Corpus Christi, Lubbock, Temple, Galveston, and Amarillo. The only other cities in Texas that have a medical school and no pediatric residency program are College Station, Edinburgh and Conroe. So, why not Cook Children’s?

I’ve asked this question to more than a few people affiliated with Cook Children’s – some who would like to see a physician GME program and others who would not. While they disagree on the proposition, they generally agree on the historical timeline and current sentiment. Cook Children’s, the result of a merger of Fort Worth’s two children’s hospitals in the 1980s, had a unique vision from its inception. Like many large children’s hospitals, it offered state-of-the-art care for pediatric patients, but it also vowed that patients would only be treated by board-certified pediatricians, i.e., no students or residents. Since most of Fort Worth’s hospitals didn’t have GME programs, Cook Children’s was not an outlier.

What made Cook Children’s particularly unique was its size and resources combined with its lack of GME entanglements. Cook Children’s leveraged this latter feature to recruit physicians who wanted to be clinicians, not educators. A vocal minority of the current medical staff have embraced this feature and do not want it to change. There is also a vocal minority who knew Cook Children’s wasn’t an academic institution when they joined but believe now that it should be. Many others – probably a majority, although no formal vote has been taken – would be fine with a GME program if one existed, but they could go either way.

In recent years, the subject has been revisited several times. About five years ago, Cook Children’s hired Germane Solutions, a GME consulting firm, to examine the viability of a GME program and assist in its development. Their findings are proprietary, but the consensus of the people with whom I talked is that Cook Children’s is positioned to have an outstanding GME program if it wants one. Furthermore, it would enhance the hospital’s national profile and be a financial boon to the local economy. But the success of a GME program hinges on having a medical staff who supports it. One vocal minority does, the other does not. And while the support doesn’t need to be unanimous to make it work, it wasn’t clear that enough of the middle majority supported it to the point it would reach the critical mass needed to make it worth pursuing.

Some theorize that demand for more pediatric residency positions among graduating medical students is lacking, and there is some truth to this claim. In the 2021 match, there were 1.47 pediatric PGY-1 positions for every graduating U.S. medical student who applied for one. But this doesn’t tell the whole story. Between 2016 and 2021, a concerning trend emerged. While nationally the number of pediatrics PGY-1 positions increased by 6 percent there was a 14 percent decrease in the number of U.S. medical graduates applying for them.

Fortunately, foreign medical graduates have filled the void, resulting in a match-fill rate consistently over 98 percent, which makes pediatrics appear both desired and competitive. But shouldn’t the decreased domestic interest in pediatrics provoke more questions? Why are U.S. medical students not considering pediatrics?

One perennial concern is low pay relative to other specialties, including pediatric subspecialties. As one of my residency attendings used to quip, “Little people, little money.” This must be on the minds of even the most altruistic of medical students for whom the average student loan debt upon graduation is over $200,000. But perhaps students everywhere are picking up on a trend that Cook Children’s is actively embracing- a hidden curriculum embedded in the cook Children’s philosophy as evidenced by the presence of a residency program for nurses but not physicians, that the future of primary care pediatrics is really nursing.

“Baylor Scott and White and Texas Health Resources have led the way to these recent changes . . . this in addition to the programs already established at John Peter Smith and Medical City. The elephant in the room is pediatrics.”

I hope this is not the case, because while value the contributions that nurses and APPs bring to the clinical care team, their training is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of a physician. These teams should be supervised by physicians, and those physicians need to be trained… somewhere.

Why no Cook Children’s? Medical staff aside, they have the resources. So, how many attendings does Cook Children’s need to reach the critical mass necessary to start a residency program for physicians as well as nurses. A hospital with their resources could have a large residency program. To make a comparison, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles is roughly the same size as Cook Children’s could start with eight, the same size as Texas Tech’s program in Lubbock. considering that physicians often practice where they train, could Cook Children’s not do this for the community’s sake?

The Cook Children’s Health Care System and its flagship hospital are. a well-kept secret that will not reach its full potential until It becomes an academic training facility with education and research affiliations. To illustrate this, U.S. News & World Report ranks the top 50 children’s hospitals in 10 different specialties. Most hospitals comparable to Cook Children’s rank in nine or 10 of these specialties, often in the top 30. Cook Children’s ranks in only six, the highest being neurosurgery at 20. The others come in at 38, 41, 43, 48 and 50.

The hospital website states: “As one of the fastest growing areas in the United States, Cook Children’s is continually looking ahead to meet the needs of a very diverse population.” No one will argue with this. Cook Children’s is one of the finest children’s hospitals in the United States. As a city and as a medical community we should be- and are- proud of it. But can it not look further ahead and become home to one of the finest pediatric residency programs as well? Becoming an academic center will enhance its national profile and bolster the pediatric workforce in Texas by exposing students to high-quality pediatric primary care and specialty services early in their training, while providing an exceptional place for them to continue their training and work after they graduate.

Most things worth doing require effort. Starting a new residency program is no exception. Some physicians to me that now is not the right time, that in the wake of COVID-19 they don’t have the bandwidth for it. But will there ever be a “right” time? wll there ever be a time when the stars in heaven align, and there is a unanimous agreement that the time has arrived?

First century rabbi Hillel the Elder once said, “If I am not for myself, who will be for me? If I am only for myself, what am I? If not now, when?” Indeed. Given the need and the benefit to the community, perhaps now is the right time after all.

References:

1. The Texas Hospital Association’s educational series on hospital finance: “Graduate Medical Education, Part 5” – https://www.tha.org/wp- content/uploads/2022/04/Financing_GME_FI- NAL.pdf

2. Data for 2011-2019 may be found in a paper written by the Academic Quality and Workforce of the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board: “The Graduate Medical Education (GME Report: An Assessment of Opportunities for Graduates of Texas Medical Schools to Enter Residency Programs in Texas.” This was a report to the Texas Legislature per Texas Education Code, Section 61.0661, October 2020, p.x.

3. See: The Kaiser Family Foundation website: https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-medical-school-graduates/

4. See: https://www.residencyprogramslist.com/ in-texas

5. “The Graduate Medical Education (GME) Report: An Assessment of Opportunities for Graduates of the Texas Medical Schools to Enter Residency Programs in Texas.” October 2020, P. 17

6. Cook Children’s Hospital consistently ranks between the 10th and the 18th largest children’s hospital in the United States depending on whether we are looking at licensed beds, staffed beds, and when the reporting was obtained.

7. See U.S. Census data at: https://www.census. gov/
8. See data from the National Residency Matching nrmp.org/
9. Not surprisingly, every U.S. city with more than one medical school has a pediatric residency program, except Fort Worth.
10. Information obtained for this article synthe- sizes conversations I had with 10 different people, all of whom are knowledgeable of Cook Children’s Medical Center (CCMC) and the movement to develop a physician residency program. Because of the sensitive nature of this topic, I promised that I would not reveal their names or quote them directly but would make a good faith effort to com- municate their understanding of the issue. They did not all agree on whether CCMC should pursue a residency, but they did agree on the major points outlined in the article. Of the 10, eight are or were employed by CCMC, almost all in leadership posi- tions. Three of those have retired and five remain on staff. The other two, both physicians, are lead- ers in the medical community and/or at CCMC and in a position to speak to this topic.
11. See: https://educationdata.org/average-medi- cal-school-debt
12. See https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/ pediatric-rankings
13. See: https://www.cookchildrens.org/about/ history/
14. Mishnah Avot 1:14. See: https://www.sefaria. org/Pirkei_Avot.1.14?lang=bi

DEA Proposed Rules Address Telehealth Prescribing Post PHE

by Sean Price

Originally published by Texas Medical Association on March 8, 2023.

Physicians found new flexibility in prescribing controlled substances via telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Now that the public health emergency is ending, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has proposed new rules for prescribers it says could preserve some of those flexibilities “with appropriate safeguards.”

Among other things, the new rules – if finalized – would allow physicians and health care professionals to prescribe, without a face-to-face visit, a 30-day supply of Schedule III and Schedule IV non-narcotic controlled drugs, after which an in-person follow-up would be needed for any refill. This class of drugs is the least likely to result in drug abuse, according to DEA. The proposal also would allow for prescribing a 30-day supply of buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder without an in-person evaluation or referral.

“Improved access to mental health and substance use disorder services through expanded telemedicine flexibilities will save lives,” Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra said in the announcement. “We still have millions of Americans, particularly those living in rural communities, who face difficulties accessing a doctor or health care provider in person.”

The agency emphasized that the rules do not affect telehealth services that do not involve controlled substance prescriptions. The Texas Medical Association is reviewing how the proposed regulations could interact with other federal and state regulations, says Shannon Vogel, TMA’s associate vice president of health information technology.

DEA has released summaries for both healthcare professionals and patients explaining how the proposed rules would affect prescription practices.

“This is a very good thing that they’re doing and a necessary thing” for access to care, said Mesquite pain management specialist C.M. Schade, MD, a former president of the Texas Pain Society.

Before the pandemic, physicians were limited in their telemedicine prescribing ability by the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008, he says. The act requires physicians to conduct at least one in-person medical evaluation of the patient before prescribing a controlled substance by means of the “internet,” which is defined to include telehealth.

“COVID did great things for telehealth, and one of them was breaking through the Ryan Haight Act,” Dr. Schade said.

Some policymakers and behavioral health advocates have expressed concern, however, that patients who need continuous medication therapy may have challenges obtaining an in-person visit within 30 days.

The rules were proposed on Feb. 24 and public comments are due on March 31. The agency has no set timeline for publishing the rules, though it is likely that will come before the PHE ends on May 11.

Physicians with questions and comments about the DEA changes or relevant state regulations can contact Ms. Vogel.

Addressing Conscientious Objection in Healthcare

Insights from the 2023 Healthcare in a Civil Society Forum

by Liz Ramirez

The Tarrant County Academy of Medicine Ethics Consortium, in partnership with Tarrant County Medical Society, hosted Healthcare in a Civil Society on Saturday, February 25, 2023. The annual forum’s central theme focused on “Conscientious Objections in Health Care: Patient Autonomy and Provider Integrity.”

TCMS President Stuart Pickell, MD, joined Steve Brotherton, MD, as HCS moderator and welcomed their keynote speaker, Farr Curlin, MD, at the University of North Texas Health Science Center.

“Dr. Curlin is an internationally known expert on physician conscience and conscientious objection,” said Dr. Pickell. “He is particularly concerned with the moral and spiritual dimensions of medical practice, the doctor-patient relationship, and the moral and professional formation of physicians. His areas of expertise are medicine, medical ethics, doctor-patient relationship, religion and medicine, and conscience.”

On the panel, Dr. Curlin was accompanied by panelists Maxine M. Harrington, JD; Alan Podawiltz, DO; and UNTHSC President, Sylvia Trent-Adams, Ph.D., RN. In the discussion, Preston “Pete” Geren, JD, moderated a panel about educational topics like state intrusion into practice, the effect of providers performing unethical acts, and how medical educators can train students to recognize moral injury.

Participants had the opportunity to interact in small groups and prepare questions for the panelists during the breakout session, where panelists discussed the impact of government and institutional intrusion into medical practice, its effect on healthcare providers, and what providers can do to address it.

“While this event targets medical professionals, anyone who has an interest in the doctor-patient relationship- how it has evolved, where it is heading and implications for the future of healthcare- will find this program helpful,” said Dr. Pickell.

The Tarrant County Academy of Medicine Ethics Consortium believes anyone in the community with an interest to improve healthcare can benefit from this program. The event wouldn’t be possible without the support of Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cook Children’s Medical Center, JPS Health Network, and the University of North Texas Health Science Center.